Point of view essay topics
Monday, August 24, 2020
Love :: essays research papers fc
Love is the response to the heart. Without affection there would just be detest on the planet. We as individuals need to figure out how to regard ourself as well as other people. That as well as figure out how to cherish each other as God adores us. My heart hurts each and regularly to be with the one I love. In any case, there is a divider that squares us. This dividers prevents us from being Lovers. I keep on cherishing in any case since that is the thing that I have in my heart. I won't resemble the sibling alongside me, despising and kicking the bucket with a chilly heart. At the point when I bite the dust I you to know I passed on cherishing another with great affection. I love to adore there is nothing more prominent than giving adoration and getting it back. I will consistently adore in light of the fact that this the correct activity. Why detest in light of the fact that it takes to a lot to do. Love uninhibitedly and love will be offered back to thee. Loathe incredibly and y ou will carry on with a contemptuous life. I am getting fustrated with this program cause it is truly starting to drive me up the wall, however i'm despite everything grinning and cherishing this world. Kindhearted prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition that influences the prostate organ in men. The prostate is an organ found between the bladder (where pee is put away) and the urethra (the cylinder pee goes through). As men age, the prostate organ gradually becomes greater (or expands). As the prostate gets greater, it might push on the urethra and cause the progression of pee to be increasingly slow strong. The word "benign" implies the broadening isn't brought about by malignant growth or disease. The word "hyperplasia" implies augmented. What are the manifestations of BPH? Most side effects of BPH start bit by bit. One side effect is the need to get up more regularly around evening time to pee. Another side effect is the need to purge the bladder frequently during the day. Different side effects remember trouble for beginning the pee stream or spilling after pee closes. The size and quality of the pee stream may diminish. These side effects can be brought about by different things other than BPH. They might be indications of progressively genuine maladies, for example, a bladder contamination or bladder disease. Tell your PCP on the off chance that you have any of these indications, so the individual in question can choose which tests to use to locate the conceivable reason. By what means will my primary care physician know whether I have BPH?
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Free Essays on The Roots Of Ancient Greek Theater
The foundations of antiquated Greek performance center lie in the religion of Dionysis, the divine force of wine and ripeness. In fantasy, Dionysisââ¬â¢ supporters were satyrs, inebriated half-creature, half human animals and maenads, or distraught ladies. In old Greek occasions, Dionysisââ¬â¢ adherents would at times accept these jobs in their strict ceremonies bringing about much singing, drinking and moving out of appreciation for their god. Individuals from the dionysiac faction would consistently tell fantasies fixated on their god by singing and moving out their accounts all together. They generally did this until about 6th century BC, when a man named Thespis ventured out of the melody and played the job of an entertainer. He showcased a Dionysiac legend through spoken exchange instead of melody making Greek disaster. He was viewed as the main entertainer and the principal writer. Disasters depended to a great extent on the fantasies or accounts of the old story epic sonnets. A theme of twelve individuals and a limit of three male entertainers played out these plays. So as to enable the crowd to make sense of who the entertainers should be, outfits and veils were utilized. Outfits by and large were intended to show the characters societal position or sex, while covers portrayed feelings or age. Veils, regularly made of wood or stopper, assisted with making the actorââ¬â¢s voice stronger also. Lamentably, they likewise totally secured the actorââ¬â¢s outward appearances. This difficulty powers entertainers of disaster to rely upon their motions and voice to pass on a message. At the point when an enormous boisterous crowd was at the presentation, this end up being an amazingly troublesome undertaking. After this new type of execution was acquainted with the overall population, it immediately picked up ubiquity. Its fame drives Pisistratus to develop an auditorium for the exhibition of catastrophe in Dionysusââ¬â¢ respect. Under Pisistratusââ¬â¢ rule, catastrophe transformed into rivalry for the best play in 538 BC. Before long, these showy exhibitions increased new significance and meaning,... Free Essays on The Roots Of Ancient Greek Theater Free Essays on The Roots Of Ancient Greek Theater The foundations of old Greek performance center lie in the clique of Dionysis, the divine force of wine and fruitfulness. In legend, Dionysisââ¬â¢ adherents were satyrs, plastered half-creature, half human animals and maenads, or distraught ladies. In old Greek occasions, Dionysisââ¬â¢ devotees would at times expect these jobs in their strict customs bringing about much singing, drinking and moving out of appreciation for their god. Individuals from the dionysiac religion would consistently tell legends focused on their god by singing and moving out their accounts all together. They generally did this until about 6th century BC, when a man named Thespis ventured out of the ensemble and played the job of an entertainer. He showcased a Dionysiac legend through spoken exchange instead of melody making Greek catastrophe. He was viewed as the main entertainer and the primary dramatist. Catastrophes depended to a great extent on the legends or accounts of the old story epic sonnets. A tune of twelve individuals and a limit of three male entertainers played out these plays. So as to enable the crowd to make sense of who the entertainers should be, outfits and veils were utilized. Outfits for the most part were intended to show the characters societal position or sexual orientation, while veils delineated feelings or age. Veils, frequently made of wood or stopper, assisted with making the actorââ¬â¢s voice stronger also. Shockingly, they likewise totally secured the actorââ¬â¢s outward appearances. This difficulty powers entertainers of disaster to rely upon their motions and voice to pass on a message. At the point when a huge boisterous crowd was at the exhibition, this end up being an incredibly troublesome undertaking. After this new type of execution was acquainted with the overall population, it immediately picked up prominence. Its notoriety drives Pisistratus to build an auditorium for the exhibition of catastrophe in Dionysusââ¬â¢ respect. Under Pisistratusââ¬â¢ rule, disaster transformed into rivalry for the best play in 538 BC. Before long, these showy exhibitions increased new significance and meaning,...
Monday, July 20, 2020
The Great American Novel Yes, please
The Great American Novel Yes, please Last week in Salon, Julia Ingalls used Barbara Kingsolvers latest novel, Flight Behavior, as a jumping-off point to ask the question, Is the Great American Novel still relevant? Leaving aside how many times that question has been asked, and whether there is any clear definition of the Great American Novel to begin with, the essay-cum-review is so full of question-begging I couldnt resist tugging at the strings of Ingallss tightly bound package of doom and gloom. Ingalls opens with a theme she will harp on throughout, that we live in an era when social mobility is passé, and everything hinges on a two-tier system. Her evidence for this is meager at best; she conflates the two different sets of wages and benefits for new union hires in Detroit with telecom pushes against net neutrality, diffential tuitions at a community college, and the uneven placement of tolls between New York and New Jersey as evidence for a class division. Something tells me should wouldnt object to, say, a two-tier tax systemâ"except to say that it should be more divisive than that. More than anything, Ingallss complaints seem bizarre. She claims that American politicans consistuents think forklift refers to a movement preceding the salad courseâ"what would actually be shocking is if anyone thought that. And if she doesnt think people are still happy to leave the Old World, and all of the ingrained prejudices and inflexible lifestyles that it implied to come to the US as a land of opportunity, well, she should probably get out more. None of that is to say that we should look at the country through rose-colored lenses, but avoiding sunglasses indoors is probably warranted. I have not read Flight Behavior, but many of the descriptions of how culturally stunted its milieu is give pause. [S]et in rural Appalachia[t]his is a place where basic cable sets the cultural high-water mark and [a]side from television, all of [protagonist Dellarobia Turnbow] exposure to culture is limited to the local papers and the low-grade bitchery of interfamilial politics. Rural America may encompass the least wired parts of the country, but 85% of adult men and women use the internet, including 61% with no high school diploma, 80% of high school grads without further education, and 75% of those making less than $30,000 per year. How much culture does Ingalls suppose was available in rural Appalachia at the time of her Great American Novel heroes like Gatsby or Huck Finn? As Ingalls laments the perceived irrelevance of college to many in Dellarobias town, did she stop to wonder about whether a sheep farmer really does need a BA, or whether that might not be the best investment? Or how many more people go to college now than ever before, with its accompanying drop in the value of a degree and increase in the number of college grads employed in relatively low-skilled jobsâ"with student loans to pay off? No, the internet and mobile phones are not universal, but the idea that our world is only getting smaller is a stretch. Horror of horrors, Dellarobia has never been on an airplane! (According to Gallup, just over half of Americans have flown in the past year; lifetime unique passenger data has proved hard to come by, but we can be confident that Dellarobia is far from alone.) The college thing grates most for Ingalls. For her, it reads like a death knell for the novel and a free society in general: the idea that higher education is somehow an option, an unnecessary and ego-bloated expense meant only for a pre-selected few. The idea that not everyone wants, needs, or should go to college is taboo; institutionalized higher education is a must, no matter the cost (or benefit), and to consider it a luxury a sign of being in a walled-in, reified class, never a thoughtful rejection of elite cultural norms. That the free society we currently live in was constructed by people who had no notion of contemporary tertiary education would seem obvious, and the reveal that Dellarobia does, indeed, break out of her small worldâ"because she happens to want toâ"ends up answering Ingallss Great American Novel question in the affirmative. I cant help thinking, with Phillip Roths recent announcement that he will no longer be writing fiction, of another Great American Novel, his American Pastoral. The New Jersey Roths characters grow up in is no bed of roses, and the two-tired religio-cultural stratification they experience is much more immediate than questions of whether Comcast is going to meter your Bit Torrent downloads. Just as Ingalls concludes: [I]tâs vital that we never write ourselves off just because of our perceived class. That spirit of adventure, that embrace of chaos, the refusal to give up on our dreamsâ"oh, hell, being âAmericanââ"should never go out of style. But how much hand-wringing is necessary along the way? We all have obstacles to overcome, some much greater than others, and no, [t]here are no guarantees. When have there been? Just as Huck Finns troubles were different from Gatsbys, Gatsbys different from Swede Lvovs, and Lvovs different from Dellarobias, the Great American Novel evolves to address what it may take for contemporaries to make it, no matter how many tiers there are and how high the walls between them.
Thursday, May 21, 2020
Family Is Like A Diamond For Forever ! - 1294 Words
Family is like a diamond for forever! Having a family is a lot like a diamond. Family is like perfect diamonds: very valuable and hard to come by in this world. Family is a key measure of society. It holds great importance in social life. It is the powerful unit of society. A society is built of families. A family is the first school in which a child receives the basic values of life. I learn good manners from the family. Family makes our character. Today, in this world, I feel like my destiny is born in a family where values were habit in early childhood. Families are like diamonds because families is valuable, can be hard for you, and can give shine in your life. Family and diamonds have similar meanings to each other. If you own a diamond, regardless of its size, the diamond would be valuable to you. If you own a diamond, you would keep it in a safe spot where it would not be lost or damaged because it has a lot of value to it. It costs a lot of money. Similarly, family holds the same meaning. Just like you would keep the diamond in a safe spot, you would hold the love of your family in your heart. Your family would be something that would be valuable to you. To me, a family is a group of people that you return to everyday to discuss your hardships and feelings. It is a group where everyone struggles together. Just like that, if a diamond you owned were lost, it would put a big footprint on yourShow MoreRelatedMarketing Schemes Of The Diamond Industry Essay1398 Words à |à 6 Pagespumps to miners during the diamond rush in 1869 and eventually sensing he had ventured into an untapped market, bought diamond fields by securing funding from th e Rothschild family and founded De Beers in 1888. The name De Beers was derived from the two Dutch settlers who owned a South African farm which the British government upon discovering diamonds on their land, forced them to sell in 1871, to a merchant for 6,600 GBP. Diamond monopoly Until mid-1800s, diamonds were a rarity and could onlyRead MoreDebeers - Case1695 Words à |à 7 PagesDe Beers: Diamonds are for Asia Strengths: Ã⢠There are commonalities in diamond perceptions more than differences Ã⢠Average price of every piece sold was more than twice of US or Europe as size and quality of diamonds is greater. Ã⢠1990 help the jewelry industry to develop Ã⢠Diamond acquisition threshold in China was a house hold income of 250 USD per month. Ã⢠Expanding group of newly wealthy people, openness to change Ã⢠About status within your peer group. Even people on low monthlyRead MoreDebeers Diamonds in Asia - Case Essay example1673 Words à |à 7 PagesDe Beers: Diamonds are for Asia Strengths: Ã⢠There are commonalities in diamond perceptions more than differences Ã⢠Average price of every piece sold was more than twice of US or Europe as size and quality of diamonds is greater. Ã⢠1990 help the jewelry industry to develop Ã⢠Diamond acquisition threshold in China was a house hold income of 250 USD per month. Ã⢠Expanding group of newly wealthy people, openness to change Ã⢠About status within your peer group. Even people on low monthlyRead MoreWhy Diamonds Are Worth A Diamond1450 Words à |à 6 Pagesbeing a diamond one. A popular way of selling an engagement ring by telling the consumer where they should buy their engagement ring. The engagement ring, specifically ones with diamonds, is an interesting concept that is known as a widespread tradition. One compelling notion is that a person has to spend three monthsââ¬â¢ salary to buy one is also compelling. Some people would say that to be truly considered engaged you would need to have a diamond. They also believe that diamonds are forever. The conceptRead MoreDe Beers A Diamond Is Forever Campaign1398 Words à |à 6 PagesDe Beers : A Monopoly in the Diamond Industry De Beers advertising slogan A Diamond Is Forever has been the center of its effort to establish the stone as the only appropriate gem to symbolize lifetime love and commitment. The more ad money spent, the more diamonds people buy. And when people buy diamonds, De Beers profits. It is the reason the company spends $180 million a year worldwide to advertise cut diamonds--a product it doesn t even sell. There are very few companies ... you may struggleRead MoreDiscovery Of Diamonds And Gold Diamonds946 Words à |à 4 PagesDiscovery of Diamonds Most all of the world has had a love affair with diamonds. They are sparkling, mesmerizingly beautiful and considered rare gems. Yet, if you knew the history and the blood that is shed over the 133 million carats of diamonds mined each year, you would probably never buy a diamond again. Diamonds have been considered valuable since they were found. To understand the diamond industry we must first look at when they were discovered and where they are mined. Although, the firstRead MoreThe Price of Diamonds Is too High Essay1119 Words à |à 5 Pagesââ¬Å"The price of diamonds is too highâ⬠This essay discusses the statement ââ¬Å"the price of diamonds is too highâ⬠; it will analyze the diamond cartel and its history in order to determine the validity of this statement. Various microeconomic theories will be discussed and explained, all of which are involved in the diamond cartel. The Oxford Dictionary defines a cartel as ââ¬Å"an association of manufacturers or suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competitionâ⬠Read MoreThe War on Conflict Diamonds Essay1077 Words à |à 5 Pagesââ¬Å"Diamonds are foreverâ⬠it is often said. ââ¬Å"But lives are notâ⬠, says Martin Chungong Ayafor, Chairman of the Sierra Leone Panel of Experts, ââ¬Å"We must spare people the ordeal of war, mutilations and death for the sake of conflict diamonds.â⬠(United Nations 2). This is a very powerful quote from someone who has and is experiencing (Gerund) firsthand the gruesome terror of the conflict over diamonds in Africa . This war has started because of the greed for money and power in the abundant diamond industryRead More Advertising Manipulates People Essay1111 Words à |à 5 Pagesit at night, our brains are bombarded with advertisements. Ads play a huge role in our lives, telling us what to buy, what car to drive, how our families should interact, and what we should look like. The business of Advertising is built on persuasion. Advertisements attempt to persuade us that we are not rich enough, pretty enough, thin enough, family oriented enough, and the list goes on. To put it more clearly, the advertising empire is built on the exploitation of the fears of the American peopleRead MoreEssay on Controversial Kanye West1544 Words à |à 7 Pagesreveling to the American public horrors happening that had a direct connection with the beloved diamond stone. Wests 2005 music video ââ¬Å"Diamonds from Sierra Leoneâ⬠shows the corrupted underground diamond trade in the African country, Sierra Le one. From this groundbreaking video, West showed the devastated lives those who worked on the mining rivers live. However upon further investigation into the issue of diamond workers in Sierra Leone there emerged the true source of the situation, a violent conflict
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Ethical Theories That We Have Taught Are Deontological...
The two Contrasting ethical theories that we have studied are Deontological ethics and Utilitarianism. Deontological: Deon means obligation or duty; Logia means speech Whereas, Utilitarianism: means the greatest happiness of the greatest number â⬠¢ Deontological ethical, according to deontologists certain actions are right or wrong in themselves and so there are absolute ethical standards that must be supported. The problems with this position are concerned with how we know which acts are wrong and how we distinguish between a wrong act and an omission. Philosophers such as Nagel argue that there is a fundamental concept of right which makes our actions, while this might be dominated in certain circumstances. There may be an absoluteâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Kant believe that if an action had moral intentions, therefore it is morally relevant no matter what the consequences are. This theory states that consequences of an action does not matter and have no moral relevance, only intentions are morally applicable. Deontology also focuses on an individualââ¬â¢s duty to point an action, not an end as the sole purpose of that action. Kantââ¬â¢s standard by which it is judged morality of an action lies in the second formulation of the Categorical Imperative, treat others as ends, not as mere means to an end. This means that actions are not moral if you intend to use someone, without their knowledge, exclusively for a purpose if reaching a certain end. Kant believes that people have a duty to treat others as both means and an end in order for an action to be considered moral. Kantââ¬â¢s theory of Deontology looks seems to be divided on whether or not the actions are moral. Since Deontology places an importance on intentions that determine the morality of an action, this news article would not be considered completely immoral according to Kant. The article would have to be divided between two ethical actions, which are the oil spill and the attempts to cleaning to determine morality. It didnââ¬â¢t have no intentions for the perforation platform to explode and cause the oil well to eruption and once the consequences are irrelevant, the action would not be considered immoral. Also, It would not
China Coin and Rabbit Proof Free Essays
hina Coin and Rabbit Proof Fence Acceptance and understanding of ones get individuality are necessity for a sense of be. In order to feel a sense of inclusion in society, Individuals must have a deep understanding of their own identity. Without an acceptance of their close and belief, Individuals bath face a sense of exclusion from society. We will write a custom essay sample on China Coin and Rabbit Proof or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the novel, The chinaware Coin by Allan Baillie, Leah the protagonist refuses to accept her true identity which results in her not feeling a sense of belonging in society. This is contrasted in the film, Rabbit Proof Fence by Phillip Noyce, in which the protagonist, Molly has a deep understanding of her own/existing Aboriginal culture which assists in her overcoming all barriers and conclusion the place returning to the place where she feels comfortable in. A In The chinaware Coin Leah, the protagonist has accepted her Chinese heritage after several(prenominal) refusals and denials. At the start of the journey, Leah refused to believe in and accept her Chinese Heritage. In the plane, Leah refuses to believe that she was coming shell because she had never been to chinaware before. Leahs acknowledgment of her father, David Waters being English, forced her into thinking that she had no connection with China despite the fact that her generate was Chinese. It is limpid through the internal monologue of Leah when the air hostess welcomes her home but Leah thinks to herself couldnt the woman see? She was not an ABC- Australian born(p) Chinese. Her feeling towards China and the intentions for coming to China are conveyed through another internal monologue by Leah, No, she wasnt leaving home. She was just ducking into a strange and probably unfriendly country to finish what Dad had startedaâ⠬à ¦ She only related and employ this journey to her Father but failed to understand the connection her mother had with China. A In Rabbit Proof Fence Mollys rich and deep understanding of her culture and identity helped her overcome all barriers provided against her by the white societyâ⬠¦. If you necessitate to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper. com How to cite China Coin and Rabbit Proof, Papers
Sunday, April 26, 2020
What do we learn from To Kill a Mockingbird about life and attitudes in the 1930s and how important is the setting to the novel Essay Example
What do we learn from To Kill a Mockingbird about life and attitudes in the 1930s and how important is the setting to the novel Paper To Kill a Mockingbird is one of the most influential pieces of literature concerning such sensitive issues as racism and class prejudice. The novel, written by Harper Lee, was published in the 1960s, but was set in 1930s America. The novel was set during the time of the depression, and at a time of extreme racism in the US. The publishing of the novel coincided with the 60s Civil Rights Movement, which brought back some of the issues in history, some of which are mentioned in the novel. This novel is written in the first person, through the young and innocent eyes of Scout, growing up in Maycomb town in the 30s, and as it is written from the point of view of a young child, it helps the reader to crack through the facade of the town to see the true poverty and detriment. Throughout the novel, we learn not just about a young girls personality and problems as she grows up in a troubled time, but also about the social strata of Maycomb, how rumours and superstitions are spread and accepted so easily, and, most importantly, we learn about the prejudice, seen in many forms, that is embedded in society. We will write a custom essay sample on What do we learn from To Kill a Mockingbird about life and attitudes in the 1930s and how important is the setting to the novel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What do we learn from To Kill a Mockingbird about life and attitudes in the 1930s and how important is the setting to the novel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What do we learn from To Kill a Mockingbird about life and attitudes in the 1930s and how important is the setting to the novel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Maycomb is set in the south of America, which influences the attitudes of people in the town deeply. Though slavery had been abolished 70 years before the setting of the novel, white people in the south still harboured their feelings about black people. The black people were not enslaved by the white people anymore, but they were still treated with disrespect by the white people, being referred to often as trash. They were segregated into the lowest class, and could not move up the social ladder because of the colour of their skin. They lived separately from the white people, and were forced to have laborious and menial jobs jobs that the white people did not want. Their living conditions were sordid, they could not vote and could hardly ever go to school. Americas opinion of slavery divided it into half the north treated every black person like it would a white person, whereas in the south, where Maycomb is, black people were the lowest kind of society. Because of this division, black people often moved northwards, where they could get a good job, good education, and be treated with respect. An example of this is when Mr Dolphus Raymond sends two of his mixed children up to the northern half of America because of the disrespect that they receive in Maycomb: hes shipped two of his up north. They dont mind em up north This shows that, even though they have a different skin colour, they still get respected in the north, in contrast to the south. Lee helps us to picture Maycomb by her vivid descriptions throughout the novel, and we learn quite a lot about life and attitudes in Alabama from Scout. She tells us about how Maycomb is a tired old town where People moved slowly . Lee uses personification when describing the town of Maycomb to bring it to life. Scout views Maycomb as a boring town: There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County. Scout The repetition of no and nothing emphasises how little the town has. We can also see in this quotation that Maycomb has been made poor by the effects of the depression, something not uncommon among small towns like hers in 30s America. We see the town as superstitious, especially against black people and the Radleys (Boo Radley in particular). We see from this quotation: but the nuts lay untouched by the children [of the Maycomb school]: Radley pecans would kill you. that the superstition is drummed into the heads of even young children in the town. Scout relays to us how racist Maycomb can be at times. When the sheriff decides the fate of Boo Radley after he stabbed his father in the leg, he says that: The sheriff hadnt the heart to put him [Boo Radley] in jail alongside Negroes which shows us the separation of blacks and whites that people had to abide to during this time. Another example of the division between black and white people is shown when the children go to First Purchase, the church of the black people, with their black maid Calpurnia and encounter Lula May: why you bringin white chillun to nigger church [the white people] got their church, we got ourn. It is our church, aint it, Miss Cal? Lula May This shows that the racism in the town was not one-sided, and it was not just white people that were hateful and had their feelings about the other race black people were sometimes prejudiced against white people, too. Lee includes this to balance the hatred between the two sides. By writing through the eyes of young Scout, Lee helps us see clearly the prejudice, rumours and the various strata of society within the town. By the end of the novel, Scout sees through all of the prejudice to the real human inside every Maycomb Town citizen, whatever race, class or gender. She believes in the morals her father brings her up with: that it is what is inside someone that makes them a good person; the way you look or the place you come from should not determine what sort of person you are: Jem, I think that theres just one kind of folks. Folks. Jem, being the older Finch child, is more mature and has lived in Maycomb for longer that Scout has, and so understands why people are so prejudiced against each other. He helps Scout to understand why this is because he felt the same when he was her age: he realizes her child innocence is very idealistic in comparison to what life in the town is actually like quite the opposite: If theres just one kind of folks, why cant they get along with each other? If theyre all alike, why do they go out of their way to despise each other? Growing up in Maycomb helps Jems perspective on attitudes, character and behaviour to widen. He realises how divided the society of Maycomb actually is, and how people are grouped into certain classes according to how they look, where they come from, or how they do things. Though Maycomb boasts about how tightly-knit their community is, it is in fact segregated into several different classes. Depending on their status, a person would live by the unofficial laws of their class: Theres four kinds of folks in the world. Theres ordinary kind like us and the neighbours, theres the kind like the Cunninghams out in the woods, the kind like the Ewells down at the dump, and the Negroes. The order in which Jem lists the divisions and classes shows the order of each divisions importance in Maycomb: white people are the highest class in the town, down to the black people, who are the lowest class. This shows how people in the higher classes are more authoritive, treated with more respect and less prejudice than people of a lower class because of their skin colour, where they live or the ir different customs or way of life. Very few people can accept people of a different class, and so go out of their way just to be prejudiced against them. These social divisions in Maycomb fuel the reasons for the community to be prejudiced and racist against people of other classes, something not very uncommon in southern America during the 30s. The racism even influences children, like Scout and other children of her age. Though she does not consciously act racist, the racism deep inside her sometimes shows through. Even though she is brought up under the morals of her almost perfect father, and taught about how evil racism is, she sometimes say racist comments without actually being aware of it. She subconsciously says nigger and asks her father regularly if he does defend niggers . The black community is often treated with disrespect and words such as nigger are also widely used, even by children as young as Scout. The Finches housekeeper, Calpurnia, is probably the only black person in the whole novel treated with respect. She acts as a motherly figure, and as a substitute mother to the Finch children. The day that old Tim Johnson, the rabid dog, comes down the street toward the Radley house, everyone is concerned about his or her safety, especially Calpurnia. She rushes to the Radley front door to warn them of the dog coming their way: We watched Calpurnia running towards the Radley place She went up to the front steps and banged on the door Shes supposed to go round the back. During this time in 1930s deep south America, the front door of the houses of white people was only to be used by white people; black people were not important enough to use the front door, so they were forced to only use the back door. Scout questions Calpurnias use of the front door, even in the severe situation that they are in. Rumours usually do spread quickly in small towns like Maycomb, but in Maycomb they sprea d like wildfire. Hardly any rumour is doubted, and rumours about black people are never doubted. The divisions between the white and the black communities are one of the most important themes throughout the novel. If a crime is committed in Maycomb and one of the suspects present is black, the one who is black is always the guilty one, whether he actually committed the crime or not. As well as racism, another theme running through the course of the novel is sexism. One of the main sexist attitudes is when Aunt Alexandra demands that Scout wear dresses instead of trousers: [Aunt Alexandra said] I could not possibly hope to be a lady if I wore breeches; when I said I could do nothing in a dress, she said I wasnt supposed to be doing things that required pants. This opinion is very stereotypical of girls and women at that time. Aunt Alexandra wants Scout to dress like a girl and not do activities that needed trousers because she wants Scout to be trim and proper something very conventional at the time . The argument over Scout and her tomboy ways arise again later in the novel when Aunt Alexandra moves into the Finch household. Her reason for moving in is because Scout needs, as she puts it, some feminine influence, adding that: It wont be many years, Jean Louise, before you become interested in clothes and boys. This shows how she thinks that Scout is growing up and becoming a young woman, showing the typical assumption that every young woman is interested in clothes and boys. Another sexist remark in the novel is when the religious white foot-washer community of Maycomb tell Miss Maudie women are a sin by definition. They say this to show how women are often ill-treated because the Bible doesnt say that women are decent. Everyone living in Maycomb always wonder about the local shut-in who has stayed in his house on order of his father and never left it since he was a teenager especially Scout and her older brother Jem. The Finch children, teaming up with their newly acquired friend Dill, try in every way possible to encounter the man that they nickname Boo. After hearing a gunshot from the Radley garden, they run away from their property. Within a few minutes, the whole community of Maycomb Town is awake, and rumours are flying around about who or what that broke in to the Radley back garden and made Nathan Radley fire this gunshot. Miss Stephanie Crawford, the towns gossip queen, suggests the first idea of the culprit, something almost everyone was thinking about: Shot in the air. Scared him pale, though. Says if anybody sees a white nigger around, thats the one. This quotation shows prejudice against the black people in the society. Three white children, curious about a town rumour, would be the last group of people on the list of culprits and a black person would probably be top of the list. Black people were made to be scapegoats and were associated with crime in Maycomb. According to Miss Stephanie, Mr Nathan Radley saw someone with white coloured skin lurking around in his garden, but instead of guessing it was a white person (the obvious answer), Miss Stephanie jumps to the conclusion that the person must have been a black person scared pale. A similar incidence is when Miss Tutti and Miss Frutti accuse a group of black people they saw in town earlier in the day of stealing their furniture, when really the real culprits were a group of white children but the thought of a group of white people moving around their furniture as a prank never passed through their minds. Not only is the black community prejudiced against, but also anyone who is different in any way: by race, background, way of life, or where they live: Miss Caroline printed her name on the blackboard and said I am from North Alabama from Winston County. The class murmured apprehensively should she prove to harbour her share of peculiarities indigenous to that region. Though the new teacher is white, she is an alien of Maycomb County, and consequently rumours about her and what she is like start to fly as soon as she says this to the class. Even though she is from deep south Alabama, she is still prejudiced against because she is not from the tightly exclusive county of Maycomb. This theme of prejudice against anything or anyone different in any way runs throughout the whole novel. Another example of this is the way everyone starts to treat Boo Radley and his property. Though hardly any of them have ever met the man, rumours and stories have been passed through families and friends for so long that it has become virtually impossible to make a distinction between what is truth and what are lies. Even mature adults begin to believe in the rumours. The young children nickname him Boo after they refer to him as a malevolent phantom. He is the character alleged to have terrorised the community, and is responsible for the crimes of the town by causing trouble at night, such as wilting prized flowers and killing chickens but no one look realistically for rational reasons, such as that maybe frost killed the flowers, and foxes killed the chickens. Maycomb is proud of itself and its ways but refuses to see the rumours and problems right under their nose in their own community. The Missionary Tea Societies are hosted for groups of women to gather and attempt to solve problems of other communities and give aid to those people in need of their help. They are openly willing to talk about the problems about tribes in Africa, such as the Mrunas, but refuse to talk about the problems right on their doorstep within their own town. Maycomb is full of hypocrites they can point out anything wrong with another group of people, but never admit their own faults: born hypocrites, Mrs Merriweather was saying. At least we dont have that sin on our shoulders down here At least we dont have the deceit to say to em yes youre as good as we are but stay away from us. Down here we just say you live you way and well live ours. Mrs Merriweather, like many others in Maycomb, believes that a black person is always evil, no matter what they are actually like, and that they have absolutely no morals. They will willingly help out the Mruna people and others like them in Africa; they will openly raise money for them and believe that the work of the missionaries will change their ways, but will not welcome nor offer help and assistance to the black people in their own community. Not a white personll go near em [the Mruna people] [they live in] poverty the darkness the immorality This is very hypocritical of Mrs Merriweather, as the black community in Maycomb also live poverty just like the people of the Mruna tribe in Africa but the missionary society does not recognise this and does not help the black community in their own town. The children of the community are brainwashed to be prejudiced against some people via the school system. They are told that the persecution of the Jewish is wrong, but for all the wrong reasons. Walter Cunningham questions this on the grounds that even the Jewish people are white. The persecution of white people is a crime against humanity, but no one jumps up to suggest that the persecution of the black community is wrong. Very few people would, as most of the County practise poor treatment towards the black community anyway. One of the main plots in the novel is when Atticus, Scout and Jems father, has a court case defending the black man Tom Robinson, who is accused of raping a white woman named Mayella Ewell. It is also a peak of racism and illustrates Maycomb in its true prejudiced ways. The Ewell family is one of the lowest classes but not as low as the black people, so even they could look down at the black community the way that most of Maycomb did. Atticus summarises the tension between the white community and the black community in the case in a simple statement: The case is as simple as black and white. This statement shows the court that the decision that Tom Robinson is innocent should be a simple and easy choice but in doing this it would be choosing black over white something unthinkable in this time in Maycomb (and generally the whole of the south of America). This is representative not only of Alabama at the time, but of the racial hatred continuing through generations from centuries before. Even before the trial has started, Tom has to be kept in high security, for fear of racial unrest occurring. In the eyes of every white person in town, Tom is guilty ever since Bob Ewell accused him of raping his daughter. Atticus fights hard for the case, and though all the evidence points towards Toms innocence, he was still proven guilty but not because of the case. He was guilty of being black. This shows that the setting of the novel, both in place and time, is vital to exemplify the deep line of hatred, prejudice and racism running through what appears at first glance to be an innocent, safe community. Through the eyes of Scout growing up in a deeply divided society, the reader can see through the proud exterior to the real sin and evil, disguised in the forms of prejudice and racism that changed the world.
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